International business refers to all commercial activities—including trade, investment, and the exchange of goods, services, technology, and knowledge—that take place across national borders. As globalization has increased, businesses of all sizes have expanded beyond their home countries to access new markets, resources, talent, and opportunities.
The field of international business examines how companies operate in different political, economic, legal, and cultural environments. It explores topics such as international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), global strategy, international marketing, supply chain management, and the management of multinational enterprises. Organizations engaged in international business must also navigate challenges such as exchange rate fluctuations, cultural differences, government regulations, and ethical issues.
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